The period saw a shift toward exploiting dense carbon dioxide to drive immiscible displacements and toward quantifying when a CO2 flood would become thermodynamically or mechanically favorable. Researchers mapped phase behavior and bypassing dynamics that limit sweep efficiency, while advancing practical design tools such as pressure-based correlations to predict miscibility thresholds. The results propelled field pilots and helped seed the growth of CO2 supply chains, linking lab-scale insights to scalable EOR implementations.